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Last Updated:
February 15, 2023
First Published:
February 10, 2022
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Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered, active learning strategy where students work in small groups (4-6 members) to solve complex, real-world problems that can have multiple solutions. While similar to case-based and team-based learning in that student groups solve problems, PBL emphasizes the student’s role in identifying learning objectives and knowledge gaps based on the problem and minimizes the instructor’s role to facilitator. Participation in PBL activities allow students to develop skills in problem-solving, critical thinking, communication, and teamwork skills (Nilson 2010). According to Barrows (1986), objectives of a PBL activity include “structuring knowledge for use in clinical contexts, developing an effective clinical reasoning process, developing effective self-directed learning skills, and increasing motivation for learning.”
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Use the comments section below to let us know your ideas about problem-based learning.
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- PBL “fosters active learning, improved understanding, and retention and development of lifelong skills.”
- PBL has a positive effect on physician competency after graduation.
- PBL “provides a more challenging, motivating, and enjoyable approach to education.”
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Steps for Developing Problem-based Learning Activities (Faculty Focus)
- Identify learning objectives/outcomes
- Develop scenario/problem
- Introduce PBL to students
- Group students
- Facilitate instead of instructing
- Assess student performance
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Problem-based Learning Steps for Students (Cornell University)
- Examine and define the problem.
- Explore what they already know about underlying issues related to problem.
- Determine what they need to learn and where they can acquire the information and tools necessary to solve the problem.
- Evaluate possible ways to solve the problem.
- Solve the problem.
- Report on their findings.
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